Fig. 3

Crystal structures of SAPN/VLPS scaffolds. Natural self-assembled protein nanoparticles, rationally designed self-assembled protein nanoparticles, animal virus-derived VLPs, bacteriophage-derived VLPs, and plant virus-derived VLPs are labeled in black, blue, red, purple, and green, respectively. NP structures were constructed in ChimeraX software by using the Protein Data Bank ID codes Ferritin (1mfr), mi3 (7b3y), PCV2 VLP (5zbo), RHDV VLP (3zue), FMDV VLP (7eno), PPV VLP (1k3v), P22 bacteriophage VLP (8eb7), Qβ bacteriophage VLP (7lge), MS2 bacteriophage VLP (6rrs), and TMV VLP (6r7m). Image created with ChimeraX software