Toward innovative veterinary nanoparticle vaccines

Animal Diseases

Table 5 Overview of plant virus-derived VLPs

Scaffold platform	Structure	Size	Development stage	Antigenic components displayed	Expression system	Reference
TMV	rod-shaped	300-nm × 20-nm	Preclinical	H1N1 HA	Plant	Mallajosyula et al. 2014; Jiang et al. 2006; Mansour et al. 1195
				FMDV VP1	Plant
				Francisella OmpA, DnaK, Tul4, and SucB	Plant
PapMV	rod-shaped	500-nm × 14-nm	Preclinical	H1N1 and H3N2 M2e	Plant	Carignan et al. 2015; Bolduc et al. 2018

Abbreviations: FMDV foot-and-mouth disease virus, TMV tobacco mosaic virus, PapMV papaya mosaic virus