Table 2 Knowledge items and descriptions of beef cattle farmers with respect to lumpy skin disease (LSD)

Only in Thailand

LSD is only found in Thailand

Bacterial cause

LSD is caused by bacteria

Affects cattle/buffalo

LSD primary affects cattle and buffalo

Zoonotic

LSD is a zoonosis

LSD in Animal Disease act

LSD is in the list of Thailand Animal Disease act 2558

Insect vectors transmission

Primary transmission is due to insect vector such as tick, mosquitoes and stable fly

No secretion transmission

LSD virus is not transmitted by secretion

Reproductive contamination

LSD virus can contaminate semen and placenta

Fever and inappetence

LSD clinical signs include fever 41 ͦ Celsius, inappetence

Lymph node swelling

Swelling of lymph nodes is a sign of LSD

Skin lumps

Clinical signs include lump with 1–5 cm in the body, mostly found in neck, head and udder areas

Infertility and abortion

LSD causes infertility in the bull. It can also cause abortion in dam

High morbidity rate

LSD has a high morbidity rate

High mortality rate

LSD has a high mortality rate

Vaccine administration

LSD vaccine can be used in both healthy cow and sick cow

Insect control measure

No need for insect control

Reduce insect habitats

Reduce habitat areas for insects can reduce risk of LSD

Symptomatic treatment

LSD is treated based on its clinical signs

Isolate sick cows

Separate LSD sick cow from the herd is necessary

Control animal movement

Animal movement control during the LSD outbreak is necessary

Notify authorities

Farmer should promptly notify the suspect LSD case to local livestock authority