Table 4 Practice items and descriptions of lumpy skin disease (LSD) among beef cattle farmers

Insecticide use in outbreak

Using insecticide in the farm area during an LSD outbreak

Direct Insecticide Application

Using insecticide applied directly to cattle

Deworming Program

Having deworming program

Smoke Repellent

Using smoke repellent to control insects in the farm

Herbal Repellents

Using herb as insect repellent

Repellent using light bulb

Using light bulb as insect repellent

Insect Netting

Using netting to control insects

Cattle Health Management

Managing to keep cattle in good health condition

LSD Symptom Observation

Observing cows for LSD clinical signs

Isolating Sick Cows

Separating sick cows from healthy cows

LSD Vaccination

Administering the LSD vaccine to cattle

Post-Vaccine Monitoring

Monitoring cattle after administering the LSD vaccine

Animal Movement

Moving animals during the outbreak

Visitor Record Keeping

The farm keeps records of visitors and their vehicles

Farm Registration

The farm is registered with the local livestock authority